
     __________________________________________________________
     GRAPHICS                                               (E)
     
     :
          ᯥ   ᮤন   ᪮   ࠭  
          ਭ  ᯮ짮 梥⭮  ᪮
          ᯫ .
          
     ⠪:
          
     graphics ⨯ [䠩] [/r] [/b] [/Lcd] [/printbox:]
     
     :
     
     䠩 -   䠩, ᮤঠ饣 ଠ    ᥬ
               ন ਭࠬ.
           - 䨪 (. )
     ⨯     - ⨯     ᫥:
     
     祭        㭪
     __________________________________________________________
     COLOR1            ਭ IBM PC Color Printer 
                     ୮ ⮩.
     COLOR4            ਭ IBM PC Color Printer c
                     RGB ⮩.
     COLOR8            ਭ IBM PC Color Printer 
                     CMY ⮩.
     GRAPHICS          ਭ IBM Personal Graphics
                     Printer,   IBM   Proprinter        IBM
                     Quitwriter Printer.
     GRAPHICSWIDE       ਭ IBM Personal Graphics
                     Printer  11- .
     THERMAL             ਭ  IBM  PC-convertible
                     Thermal Printer.
     __________________________________________________________
      㬮砭 ਭ ⨯ GRAPHICS.
     
     ਩:
      graphics ন ᪨ ०  ᯫ
  ࠬ  EGA,  VGA    8514/A.    ਢ 祭
ᯮ㥬 祩:
     
                 祭
     __________________________________________________________
     /b                䮭   梥.   ⮫쪮
                      ⨯ COLOR4  COLOR8.
     /r              ୮-  (    ࠭).  
                     㬮砭   ୮  ⠥  ,  
                      - .
     /Lcd                ࠧ,         ᯮ짮
                     ᮮ⭮襭      -⠫᪮
                     ᯫ,      CGA  ᯫ.    
                     ᠬ,    /printbox:lcd.
     /printbox:    䨪       ᮮ⢥⢮
                     ࢮ  ࠭  ४⨢  printbox  
                     䠩, ﬨ ண   std
                      lcd. Pb -  ॢ printbox.
     __________________________________________________________
                     
           ࠭      ६   SHIFT  
PRINTSCREEN.    ०  CGA 320 x 200  ⨯ ਭ COLOR1
  GRAPHICS,    graphics  ⠥   ࠭   ६
ࠤﬨ ண 梥.
     뢠  㢥稢 ࠧ , 
१⭮  MS_DOS.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     JOIN                                               (E) (N)
     
     :
           ᪮  㪠  .
     
     ⠪:
     
          join [᪮: ᪮:]
          
          
     
          join ᪮: /d
     
     ਩:
            㪠뢠  ࠫ  䨧᪨
᪮  .  ⮬ 砥  ᪮,  㪠
   ,     ஬  ᮥ  㣮  ᪮,
ᮧ ⠫, ।⠢騩     騩
  砥 ᪮. ᫨  㦥 ⢮
। 맮 ⮩ ,      ᯮ짮 ,
  join  ⢨.
     ᫥  맮   join 砥 ᪮ "⠥
⢮",   ⪥    ⥬ 뢮
ᮮ饭:
     
     Invalid drive
     (騩 ᪮)
                   
     ᫨ 騩 ⠫  ,     ࠭  뢮
ᮮ⢥饥 ᮮ饭  訡:
     
     Directory not empty
     
     ਬ砭:
        ਢ   ᯨ᮪  ,    㭪樮  
᪮, 祭  뫮      join
( subst):
     
     backup      format
     chkdsk      label
     diskcomp    recover
     diskcopy    restore
     fdisk       sys
                 
     ਬ:
         ᪮ ⮫쪮   ⠫.
  ப ࠢ쭠:
     
     join d: c:\sales
     
       :
     
     join d: c:\sales\regional
     
     ⬥ 祭  箬 /d, ᫥騬    
祭 ᪮:
     
     join d: /d
                      
     ᫨    join  権,   ࠭ 㤥
뢥 ଠ  ⥪ 祭.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     KEYB                                                   (E)
     
     :
          㧨 ணࠬ .
     
     ⠪:
     
     keyb [[,[yyy],[[᪮:][]_䠩]]][/ID:nnn]
     
     :
     
     xx        -  㪢  ࠭.
     yyy       -       ࠭, ।饩
                  ᨬ.
     nnn       -  䨪 ᯮ㥬  .
     _䠩 -   䠩 ᠭ  (᫨ 
                 㪠,  ᯮ keyboard.sys).
                                                       
     ਩:
     ᫥ 樨  ਭ ᫥騥 祭:
     
     xx       ࠭                   nnn           yyy
     __________________________________________________________
     be       죨                  120           437, 850
     cf       ࠭    058           863, 850
     df                           159           865, 850
     fr/120   ࠭                  189/120       437, 850
     gr       ଠ                 129           437, 850
     it/142   ⠫                   141/142       437, 850
     la       ⨭᪠ ਪ        171           437, 850
     nl       ૠ               143           437, 850
     no       ࢥ                 155           865, 850
     po       㣠               163           860, 850
     sf        (࠭.)       150           437, 850
     sg        (.)       000           437, 850
     sp       ᯠ                  172           437, 850
     su       ﭤ                153           437, 850
     sv                          153           437, 850
     uk/168                      166/168       437, 850
     us        ( 㬮砭)       103           437, 850
     __________________________________________________________
     
     ᫨    keyb    権,      ࠭
 ଠ  ⥪饬 ﭨ:
     
     Current keyboard code: xx  code page: yyy
     Current CON code page: yyy
     (㪢  ࠭:     ࠭: 
         ࠭,  ᯮ㥬  ன⢮  CON
     (࠭, ):  )
     
       室    , ⠢塞  㬮砭,
 CONTROL+ALT+F1.     ணࠬ  ,
⠢襩   १⮬,  CONTROL+ALT+F2.
     
     ਬ砭:
     㤥  㤮,  ᫨        keyb  䠩
autoexec.bat.
     MS-DOS 4.0 ন ᫥騥 :
     
     - PC1, PC XT
     - PC AT
     - IBM PC-convertible
     
      keyb 頥 ᫥騥  襭:
     
     0 - ᯥ譮 襭.
     1 - ࠢ ᨭ⠪.
     2 - ⢨  ४⭮ 䠩 ᠭ
         .
     3 -  ᮧ १  
         ⠡ .
     4 - 訡 ன⢠ CON.
     5 - 訢  ࠭  ⮢.
     6 -   ࠭  ࠭   
           १⭮ ⠡ .
     7 - 室 㣠  MS-DOS.
     
     ਬ:
      롮 檮 ,   ப:
     
     keyb gr
     
        ਫ   ,   "ᯮ짮     ࠭",
ਢ ⥫  ਬ    ᯮ짮  
keyb.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     LABEL                                              (E) (N)
     
     :
          , 㤠   ⪨ ⮬  (⪨
          ᮤন) ᪠.
     
     ⠪:
     
          label [᪮:][⪠]
     
     ਩:
     ⪠  ⮬  ᮤঠ   11 ᨬ, 
஡.  ⠡樨  ࠧ襭. ᫨      
 ப ,  ⥬    :
     
     Volume in drive x is xxxxxxxxxxx
     ( ⪠ ᪠  - )
     Volume Serial Number is xxxx-xxxx
     (਩  - -)
     Volume Label (11 characters, ENTER for none)?
     (⪠ ⮬  (11 ᨬ  , ᫨ )? )
     
          ⮬   , ᫨  
 ⥪ (᫨ 㦥 )  ⮬.  ᫨    
 ,   ࠭  :
     
     Delete current volume lable (Y,N)?
     ( ⥪  (,)? )
     
     ᫨   N,   (᫨ ) ⪠ ⠥.
     
     ਬ砭:
      ஢ન ⪨ ᪠  ᯮ짮  dir 
vol.  뢠      㭪樮    ᪮,
祭    뫮  .  ᫥ ᨬ,
  ᯮ짮  㪠 ⪨:
     
     * ? / \ | . , ; + = < > [ ] ( ) & ^
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     MEM                                                    (E)
     
     :
          뢥  ࠭   (ꥬ ᢮ 
          ᯮ㥬 , ᯨ᮪ ணࠬ  뤥
          ⪮ ).
     
     ⠪:
     
          mem [/program]
     
          
     
          mem [/debug]
     
     ਩:
      ਢ ᯮ㥬 :
     
     /program  -  뢮  ࠭ ᯨ᪠ 㦥 ணࠬ.
     /debug    -  뢮 ணࠬ, ७ ࠩ஢  㣮
                  ணࠬ ଠ樨.
     
     ਬ砭:
      㪠뢠 /program  /debug ६.
     
     ਬ:
     뢮   ଠ樨        640-⥬,    ᯮ饩
७ ,  ᫥饥:
     
     mem /program
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     MKDIR  MD                                           (I)
                 
     :
           ⠫
     
     ⠪:
     
          mkdir [᪮:]
          
          
     
          md    [᪮:]
     
     ਩:
            ॢ 63 ᨬ, 
       (\).
     
     ਬ:
      
     mkdir \catalogue
     
     mkdir \catalogue\subcatalogue
                      
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     MODE                                                   (E)
     
     :
           mode  ᪮쪮 ਬ:
     
     - 뢮 ﭨ ன().
     - 䨣   ᮥ    ࠫ쭮  
       ਭ  (PRN, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3)   80  132
         ப, 6  8 ப  ,    
          㣮   (᫨      ਭ).  
       ᯮ짮  ⢥ ⥪饣 ਭ  ன⢠,
       ⫨筮  ன⢠, ᮥ  LPT1.
     - 롮  ᯫ       ०  (40    80 ,
       ஬  梥⭮, ⢮ ப    業஢
       ࠦ,  ⠪ 樨  ०).
     - ⠭   ᪮            ᫥⥫
       ன⢮   (ਭ,         .),  ⢠
       䮬樮  ⮯ .
     - ⮢   ன⢠      ४祭    
       ࠭.
     - ॠᮢ 뢮  ਭ  ࠫ .
       
     ⠪      ப,   ॠ饩    
᫥  ,  ࠧ祭,  ⮬   ᠭ   
ࠧ  ᪮쪮 ࠧ.
       
       ਬ砭:
         㭪樨    ॠ, ⮫쪮 ᫨
⠫஢ ࠩ ansi.sys  䠩 config.sys.







     ________________________________________________________
     MODE (ﭨ ன⢠)
     
     :
          뢮  ࠭ ଠ樨  ﭨ ன⢠.
     
     ⠪:
          
          mode [ன⢮][/sta[tus]
     
     ਩:
       뢠      権  ।祭  
뢮  ଠ樨    ﭨ   ன ⥬. 
/sta[tus]     㦥,          訢     ﭨ
(ॠᮢ) ࠫ쭮 ਭ.
     
     ਬ:
     
     mode con
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     MODE (䨣 ਭ)
     
     :
          ⠭  ࠬ஢  IBM-ᮢ⨬  ਭ஢,
          ᮥ    ࠫ쭮    (LPT1, LPT2,
          LPT3).
          
     ⠪:
     
          mode [:][][,[ப][,]]
                     
          :
     
           - ⢮ ᨬ  ப: 80  132.
          ப  - ⢮ ப  : 6  8.
            - ᯥ   訡 ⠩-.
                        ⠢  ணࠬ mode
                    १⮬       .        ᫥
                    ᯮ짮       뢭
                    ,          .   
                    祭 ਢ :
                    
                     - 頥 訡 (⥪饥 祭).
                     - 頥 .
                    R - 頥 ⮢.
                    
                    ⢨ 樨 砥 ⢨
                    .
     ਩:
      ० ࠫ쭮 ਭ    ᯮ짮
  LPT1, ⠪  PRN. 祭  㬮砭 LPT1, 80  
6 ப  .
      室  横 ⠩-  CONTROL+BREAK.
     
     ਬ:
     
     mode lpt2:80,8
     
     
     
     mode lpt2:,8
     
     ᫨    㦭, ⮡   ⠫ ᯥ
䠩    ਭ    ୥  ﭨ  '⮢',   
᫥ :
     
     mode lpt2:80,8,B
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     MODE (䨣 ᫥⥫쭮 )
     
     :
          ࠢ 䨣樥  ᫥⥫쭮
           (COMn).
     
     ⠪:
     
 mode [:]᪮,[,[,䮡[,⮯[,]]]]
 
         :
     
         ᪮ -    ᪮ ।:
                    110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600
                     19200.
           - N - 
                     - 
                     - 
                     -
                    S -
                     㬮砭 - .
         䮡 - ⢮ ଠ樮 :
                    5, 6, 7  8
         ⮯ - ⢮ ⮯ :
                    1, 1.5  2
                    ᫨   ᪮   110,       㬮砭
                    ⢮ ⮯  ࠢ 2.    
                    ⠫  ,  祭  㬮砭
                    ࠢ 1.
            - ᯥ   訡 ⠩-.
                        ⠢  ணࠬ mode
                    १⮬       .        ᫥
                    ᯮ짮       뢭
                    ,          .   
                    祭 ਢ :
                    
                     - 頥 訡 (⥪饥 祭).
                     - 頥 .
                    R - 頥 ⮢.
                            
                    ⢨ 樨 砥 ⢨
                    .
     
     騥   祭   -   COM1,            7
ଠ樮 .
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     MODE (⠭ ० ᯫ)
     
     :
          롮    ० ᯫ.
     
     ⠪:
     
          mode ᯫ, ப
     
          
     
          mode [ᯫ],ᬥ饭[,]
     
          
     
          mode con [:] [cols=][lines=ப]
     
          :
     
         ᯫ  -  ਭ ᫥騥 祭:
                    40, 80, BW40, BW80, CO40, CO80    MONO,
                    祬:
                    40    80  㪠뢠  ⢮  
                    ப;
                    BW  CO ᮮ⢥ /  ;
                    MONO 㪠뢠  ஬ ᯫ  80
                    .
         ᬥ饭 -  ਭ 祭:
                    L ()  R (ࠢ).
         ப   - ⢮ ப. 襭 祭:
                    25, 43,    50  (ন    ᥬ
                    ࠬ).
           - ⢮  (40  80).
              - ࠢ ᯫ. ⥬  
                    㪠,    ࠢ쭮          ࠢ
                    ࠦ.
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
     __________________________________________________________
     MODE (⠭ ० )
     
     ⠪:
          
          mode con [:] rate=᪮ delay=প
     
     ਩:
     訥  祭    ६  প ⮯ -
     .25, .50, .70  1 ᥪ㭤. ᨬ쭮 - 4.
       祭    ᪮  (㪠뢠   ࢠ
     ६) - 1-32.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     MODE (⠭  ࠭ ன⢠)
     
     :
          ⠭           ࠭  
          ࠫ쭮 ਭ  ᮫.
          
     ⠪:
     
          mode ன⢮ codepage
               prepare=(()[᪮:][]_䠩)
          
     
          mode ன⢮ codepage select=
          mode ன⢮ codepage refresh
          mode ன⢮ codepage [/status]
     
          :
     
          ன⢮ -  ਭ 祭:
                       CON, LPT1, LPT2  LPT3.
                -   ࠭.  ਭ
                       祭 437, 850, 860, 863, 865.
          _䠩  -   䠩,  ᮤঠ饣  ଠ 
                        ࠭ (.cpi)  ᯮ㥬
                       ⥬        ⮢   
                       ࠭  㪠 ன⢠.
          
     祢 ᫮:
     
     prepare     ਪ ⥬ ⮢    ࠭
                    ன⢠. । ᯮ짮
                  ࠭   ⮢.
     select      롮       ࠭        
                 ன⢠.  ।  롮஬     
                 ⮢.
     refresh     ᫨ ⮢  ࠭  ﭠ
                 -  -  訡,  ⠭ 
                  ᯮ  祢 ᫮
     /status
                 뢮    ࠭  ⥪     ࠭,
                 ⮢     /     ࠭    
                 ன⢠.        ,  
                 ਢ    ப ਢ 
                  १:
                 
                 mode con codepage
                 mode con codepage /status
                 
                    ࠧ,   ᫮   /status    
                 易⥫쭮.
     
      ᯮ짮 ᫥騥 ᮪饭:
     
         
     _____________________
     cp          codepage
     /sta        /status
     prep        prepare
     sel         select
     ref         refresh
     _____________________
      ஡ ࠡ  묨 ࠭栬 ᠭ 
     ਫ , "ᯮ짮  ࠭".
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     MODE (ॠᮢ 뢮)
     
     :
          ॠᮢ   뢮  (  ࠫ  )  
          ᫥⥫ .
          
     ⠪:
     
          mode ࠫ_[:]=᫥⥫_[:]
     
     ਩:
       믮  ⮩   樨      mode   㦭
ᯮ짮   .   ࢠ      ।祭  
䨣樨   ᫥⥫쭮   ,           
ॠᮢ  ⠪.
     
     ਬ:
     
     mode com1:48,e,,,b
     
     mode lpt1:=com1:
     
      ⬥ ७祭  :
     
     mode lpt1:
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     MORE                                                   (E)
     
     :
          ࠭ (筮  25 ப) 뢮  ࠭.
                                     
     ⠪:
          
          more < 筨
     
          
          
          筨 | more
     
          :
     
          筨 - 䠩  .
     
     ਬ砭:
       more  ᮧ ६ 䠩  ᪥. ᫨ 
    饭    ,    뢠   
㭪樮஢     㤥.    뢮  ᫥饩  ࠭
筮   .
     
     ਬ:
     
     more < spisok.dln
     
     dir | more
     
     
     
     
